Similarities Between the Offering Structure of Yuhua Pavilion and the Amitabha’s Pure Land Thangka

Abstract

This article discusses the connections between Yuhua Pavilion and the Four Tantras of Esoteric Buddhism, as well as how Yuhua Pavilion integrates Manjushri faith and Amitabha Pure Land beliefs. The article also compares the similarities between Yuhua Pavilion and the Amitabha’s Pure Land Thangka, highlighting the corresponding relationships in structure and the enshrined deities. Finally, the article explores the integration of the Four Tantras of Esoteric Buddhism with Pure Land thought during the Qing Dynasty and the doctrinal rationale for this integration