The Impacts of Relative Deprivation on Depression Among Middle-Aged Adults and Older Adults: Evidence From Rural China

Abstract

This study investigated the impacts of relative deprivation on depression among middle-aged and older adults in rural China, focusing on its variability across different groups. Data were obtained from the National Survey of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The results indicate that relative deprivation significantly increases the risk of depression. Compared to older adults, middle-aged adults are more susceptible to the effects of relative deprivation, which has a greater impact on their depression. Additionally, relative deprivation worsens depression among middle-aged men, married individuals, those with functional impairments, and those employed in non-farming occupations. Relative deprivation also intensifies depression in older adults who are female, unmarried, functionally independent, or unemployed. These findings support the development of policies on rural income distribution and psychological interventions aimed at reducing depression in rural populations.